ABSTRACT
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained considerable attention in the field of medicine and water treatment owing to their physiochemical properties. Biosynthesis of AgNPs is favourable over chemical synthesis for issues of environmental concern. Here, we synthesized AgNPs using aqueous seed extract of berries of Embelia ribes Burm.f. and analyzed their antibacterial and anticancer activities. The phytochemicals present in the seed extract of E. ribes berries were used as reducing agent for the formation of AgNPs. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and HR-TEM analysis. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak observed at 430 nm from UV-spectrum further confirms the formation of AgNPs. The presence of phytochemical adhering to AgNPs was confirmed from FTIR spectrum. XRD and SAED analysis showed that the AgNPs are of crystalline in nature. TEM images showed the AgNPs were roughly spherical shaped and approximately around 30 nm in size. The AgNPs thus synthesized, were evaluated for antibacterial and anticancer activities. The results revealed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis and also dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation in MCF-7 cell line. Higher concentration showed low cytotoxicity and maximum inhibition was at 10 ng/mL after 24 h.
ABSTRACT
Cardiotoxicity is the most serious side effect of anthracyclines (doxorubicin, daunorubicin or epirubicin). The incidence of anthracycline induced late cardiac toxicity (AIC) that is overt clinically is 3–5% in the Indian population. Polymorphism in intron 32 (deletion of 25 bp) of MYBPC3 has been shown to be present exclusively in Asians and more so in South India (3–8%). The frequency of the polymorphism is significantly higher (13%) in patients with cardiomyopathy in India. Fifteen patients were identified to have cardiac dysfunction following treatment for malignant lymphoma with doxorubicin containing regimens. Peripheral blood DNA from control, amplified by polymerase chain reaction yielded a 467 bp fragment while in the presence of the 25 bp deletion only a 442 bp fragment was detected. To confirm the presence or absence of the polymorphism, amplified DNA was restricted using Bgl1 in all samples. Bgl1 restricted amplified DNA only if the 25 bp deletion was absent. A 467 base pair band was observed in all the 15 samples, which suggested the absence of polymorphism in MYBPC3. In a sample of DNA from a patient with a deletion in exon 33 (confirmed by sequencing) a 442 bp fragment was detected. Amplified DNA from this patient was not restricted with Bgl1. Wild type MYBPC3 when amplified gave a distinct restriction banding pattern consisting of two bands of 401 bp and 66 bp. Amplified DNA from all peripheral blood samples restricted with Bgl1 suggesting the absence of the polymorphism. In this preliminary report, MYBPC3 does not seem to play a role in anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity.
ABSTRACT
A single dose, randomized, complete and four treatment cross over study was conducted in healthy human subjects for IVIVC of venlafaxine.HCl, Plasma concentrations were estimated by a simple, rapid, sensitive and validated LCMS method, Cetirizine was used as the internal standard (IS), The analytes and the IS were extracted from the human plasma by liquid?liquid extraction technique, The reconstituted samples were chromatographed on Kromasil C18 column using an isocratic solvent mixture [acetonitrile?water, 90:10 (v/v)] at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, Method validation was performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria, USP dissolution apparatus I (Basket) and pH 6.8 at 100 rpm was found to yield acceptable IVIVC for the drug, The developed dissolution method would discriminate bioinequivalent batches, A ?Level A? correlation was observed for the selected formulations at the in vitro dissolution conditions developed, The dissolution method predicted the best absorption rate for the selected modified release formulations, The validity of the correlation was assessed by determining how well the IVIVC model could predict the rate and the extent of absorption as characterized by Cmax and AUC, A percent prediction error of = 10 % for C max and AUC obtained establishes the predictability of the developed IVIVC model, It may, therefore, be concluded that the developed dissolution method can surrogate for human bioequivalence study.